Apple (Malus Domestica) is a domesticated fruit tree and the most widespread species in the genus Malus (family Rosaceae), cultivated worldwide. Currently, more than 60 million metric tons of apples are produced worldwide, mostly by China. This sweet, high demanded fruit is a good source of antioxidants, vitamins A and C, carbohydrates, dietary fiber and a range of other nutrients. There are thousands of apple varieties, which can be divided into three main classes: cider varieties, cooking varieties and dessert varieties.

These varieties differ widely, especially in their color, size, aroma and smoothness. Many of them are relatively high in sugar, only slightly acidic and low in tannin.The apple fruit is classified as a pome (fleshy) fruit, in which the ripened ovary and the surrounding tissue become fleshy and edible. The fruit's size is usually roundish (around 5-10 cm in diameter) when harvested and varies in color from the red shade, green or yellow.

The apple's size, shape and acidity may change according to the variety.  The apple flower of most varieties requires cross-pollination for fertilization.  Since the apple requires a considerable dormancy period, it thrives in areas that have a distinct winter period, generally from latitude 30° to 60°, both north and south. Northward, apple growing is limited by low winter temperatures and a short growing season.